/FOREST BATH
an intermedia installation built around the the smell of the forest.
The smell was produced using GC-MS readings from around the country and materials distilled from the artist’s own home. The scent was displayed in sculptures and emitted into the streets of New York at programmed intervals. The sculptural forms were made with mycelium, the roots of mushrooms.
After months of a pandemic, political strife, on top of global injustices, loss, and suffering, people need care now more than ever. In New York, sources of environmental care are particularly sparse, and access to these spaces are not guaranteed. Through this multi-sensory exploration, artist and designer, M Dougherty, brought the air of the forest and the benefits of forest bathing directly to the city and the people of New York.
The scent of the forest was pumped out to the sidewalk; the piece exists outside of the gallery as much as within, so each visitor chose how they wish to interact with this work, and in whatever way they are comfortable.
Offered primarily through scent, passerby and gallery guests were invited to breathe in the forest. A mix of phytoncides and subjective woodland materials, including essential oils distilled by the artist, the scent carries the feeling of being surrounded by nature. As night falls, forest scenery projected on the gallery's windows placed passer-by at the base of a tree, in the heart of a forest.
Inside the gallery, scented sculptures were on display. These wax and mycelium objects are made from mushroom roots, the veins of the forest. Each one carries with it the material of the woods and its own unique scent. Together, and in unison, these encaustic forest fragments made the scent of the forest.
Materials
Mycelium | Saw Dust | Wax | Resin | Fragrance
Scent Materials
NATURALS
Pine | Myrcene | Lemon | Mushroom | Patchouli | Sweet orange | Orange | Fir Balsam | Cedar | Vetiver | Castoreum | Dirt | Grass | Mitti Attar | Cedar
SYNTHETICS
White Oak | Clearwood | Camphene | Pinene | Cedrenes | Cedrol | Cedryl Acetate | Farnesene | Limonene | Linalyl Acetate | Isobornyl acetate | Benzyl acetate | Amyl Cinnamal | Linalool | Mushroom Alcohol | Geosmin | Butylcyclohexyl acetate | Galaxolide | Leaf Alcohol | Hivertal | Butylated hydroxytoluene | Cumenol | Carvacrol | Synarome | Oakmoss
Background Information
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In Japan, the formal practice of Shinrin Yoku, or forest bathing, emerged in the 1980’s and has continued to be researched and practiced as a physical and mental therapy tool. Forest bathing consists simply of spending time with a forest, sitting, breathing in forest air, using each of the senses to experience a forest.
Research has shown that forest bathing can reduce stress hormones, reduce blood glucose and pressure, increase the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system (which helps the body rest and recover), reduce the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (which is responsible for the fight-or-flight response), increase the activity of natural killer cells, (immune cells that defend the body against bacteria, viruses, and tumors), and even increase energy, creativity, concentration, and memory.
What has the greatest effect are the scents given off by trees, volatile compounds called phytoncides. The chemical components of phytoncides have been identified with gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). This analysis was then combined with subjective experience to create the forest scent in this piece.
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Mycelium makes up the forest beneath the forest. They are the unseen root-like parts of mushrooms, branching vein structures that move through soils. Mycelium acts like networks in forests, bringing nutrition to fruiting mushrooms, and communicating danger as it arises. Trees, having a symbiotic relationship with mycelium, rely on them for the same-- too pass along resources and communicate with each other.
Mycelium are natural decomposers, breaking down organic material and even rocks, removing chemicals and toxins from the ground, a process called bioremediation. Research has demonstrated that mycelium can even break down petroleum spills.
The “mind” of mycelium lies within its entire structure, so if one part of it is fractured, it can find itself and reconnect again, making them extremely resilient. In recent years, artists and designers have been exploring mycelium as a material resource not only because of their strength and durability, but also because of their compostability. It is this sustainable nature that makes mycelium an ideal alternative to styrofoam and plastics in a multitude of applications.
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Each object was grown from the mycelium of blue oyster mushrooms. Mycelium bags were broken up and put into molds where they grew until filling each form. Once ready to flower, the blocks were baked to stop growth and solidify the shapes. From this point, each form was combined with scented wax and preserved with resin. Each cube represents a part of the overall forest scent and is individually scented with differing components.
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Cheng, W., Lin, C., Chu, F., Chang, S., & Wang, S. (2009). Neuropharmacological activities of phytoncide released from Cryptomeria japonica, 55(1), 27-31. doi:10.1007/s10086-008-0984-2.
Elise Elsacker, Simon Vandelook, Aurélie Van Wylick, Joske Ruytinx, Lars De Laet, Eveline Peeters (2020). A comprehensive framework for the production of mycelium-based lignocellulosic composites. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 725.
Haneef, M., Ceseracciu, L., Canale, C. et al. Advanced Materials From Fungal Mycelium: Fabrication and Tuning of Physical Properties. Sci Rep 7, 41292 (2017).
Li, Q. (2010). Effect of forest bathing trips on human immune function. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 15 (1), 9.
Li Q, Morimoto K, Nakadai A, Inagaki H, Katsumata M, Shimizu T, Hirata Y, Hirata K, Suzuki H, Miyazaki Y, Kagawa T, Koyama Y, Ohira T, Takayama N, Krensky AM, Kawada T. Forest Bathing Enhances Human Natural Killer Activity and Expression of Anti-Cancer Proteins Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007 Apr-Jun;20(2 Suppl 2):3-8. doi: 10.1177/03946320070200S202. PMID: 17903349.
Looby, B., & Bridgetayerslooby. (n.d.). Tactical mycelium. Retrieved May, 2020,
Morita, E., Fukuda, S., Nagano, J., Hamajima, N., Yamamoto, H., Iwai, Y., … & Shirakawa, T. (2007). Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin-yoku (forest-air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health, 121, 54-63.
Park, B. J., Tsunetsugu, Y., Kasetani, T., Kagawa, T., & Miyazaki, Y. (2010). The physiological effects of Shinrin-yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 15 (1), 18.
Tsunetsugu, Y., Park, B. J., & Miyazaki, Y. (2010). Trends in research related to “Shinrin-yoku” (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing) in Japan. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 15 (1), 27.
Special Thanks
GALLERY OWNER AND CURATOR Andreas Keller
MYCOLOGY CONSULTANT Brian Versek
A/V CONSULTANT TJ Pulliam
EQUIPMENT RENTAL. The Family
Courtney Wold
The Halton’s and Dougherty’s
In Loving Memory of
Edward Halton